An audit of fatal acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis has a mortality of about 10%: this figure has not changed over the last 20 years. A retrospective audit of fatal acute pancreatitis was performed in a teaching hospital with a catchment population of about 750,000 patients to examine patient characteristics. Using Hospital Activity Analysis code 577.0, all fatal cases of acute pancreatitis were studied in a six-year period 1987-93. Additionally, all post mortem diagnoses of acute pancreatitis were traced. The overall post mortem rate in Nottingham at the time of the study was about 35%. All available records, X-ray and biochemical data were studied and appropriate information recorded and analysed for 65 fatal cases. Only 15% were post mortem diagnoses, lower than in previous series; 72% had respiratory and 67% had renal complications. Only 34% had been admitted to the intensive care unit. A third of patients had had surgery; 67% of these was some form of external drainage. Of the 14 patients with proven gallstone pancreatitis only three had endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; 42% of patients had idiopathic disease. Not all the patients diagnosed ante mortem had the full biochemical predicted severity criteria analysed: pO2 and calcium analysis was performed in about 80%. Pre-mortem diagnoses of pancreatitis was achieved more frequently than in other comparable series.     

Melting behavior and superheating capacity of REBa2Cu3Oy films with nano‐layer buffered structures

Using high temperature‐optical microscopy, in situ investigations were conducted on melting and superheating behaviors of REBa₂Cu₃O_7?δ (RE123, RE = Nd, Gd) films, which were grown on nano‐layer buffered substrates. The results demonstrate that all buffered RE123 films have improved crystallinity and in‐plane alignments, leading to the higher superheating capability. In the first case, due to its good lattice match with the buffer material of Y123, the Nd123 film with the minimal extrinsic property grew from the superior interface. In the second circumstance, because of its stronger chemical bonding with the buffer layer of Gd₂O₃, the pure c‐axis oriented Gd123 film was fabricated. Moreover, the optimized thickness of buffer layer plays an important role in reducing interface energy of RE123 films and enhancing its superheating capacity.     

An Analysis of Energy Efficiency Improvement Through Wireless Energy Transfer in Wireless Sensor Network

In a wireless sensor network, wireless Energy transfer is a demanding technology for the energy difficulties in recent times. The foremost disadvantage of presentation is limited duration because WSN contains only restricted battery energy at a node. Therefore, we anticipated cluster-related wireless energy transfer in this document. The foremost intention of the method is to augment the duration of the sensor network through charging by the help of this wireless power transfer technology. So that, mobile charging vehicle (MCV) is established to move within the network and charge the sensor node battery wireless. The sensor nodes in the network are collected as a cluster for energy efficiency. Here, the cluster head is chosen for each one cluster in the network which is based on the rank metric value. Suppose, if one node in the network is reducing its energy, then the CH will send charge request and route ID to the MCV. Afterward, the MCV recognize the node by means of the exacting route and establish to charge the node. The reproduction consequences illustrate that the network lifetime of our anticipated method is enhanced than obtainable method.

     

Highly Efficient 1D/3D Ferroelectric Perovskite Solar Cell

With the capability to manipulate the built-in field in solar cells, ferroelectricity is found to be a promising attribute for harvesting solar energy in solar cell devices by influencing associated device parameters. Researchers have devoted themselves to the exploration of ferroelectric materials that simultaneously possess strong light absorption and good electric transport properties for a long time. Here, it is presented a novel and facile approach of combining state-of-art light absorption and electric transport properties with ferroelectricity by the incorporation of room temperature 1D ferroelectric perovskite with 3D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP). The 1D/3D mixed OIHP films are found to exhibit evident ferroelectric properties. It is notable that the poling of the 1D/3D mixed ferroelectric OIHP solar cell can increase the average V_oc can be increased from 1.13 to 1.16 V, the average PCE from 20.7% to 21.5%. A maximum power conversion efficiency of 22.7%, along with an enhanced fill factor of over 80% and open-circuit voltage of 1.19 V, can be achieved in the champion device. The enhancement is by virtue of reduced surface recombination by ferroelectricity-induced modification of the built-in field. The maximum power point tracking measurement substantiates the retention of ferroelectric-polarization during the continued operation.     

IEEE 802.11n: Joint modulation‐coding and guard interval adaptation scheme for throughput enhancement

IEEE 802.11n is a high‐speed wireless broadband local area networking standard. IEEE 802.11n‐based devices are using some kind of adaptive modulation‐coding (AMC) scheme to adjust its transmission rate according to the radio channel condition. In these devices, however, the concept of guard interval adaptation is not been considered. Normally, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology‐based systems are using the guard interval much greater than the length of the channel impulse response. However, many previous works have shown that the choice of the larger guard interval is inefficient in terms of achievable throughput. IEEE802.11n supports using two guard intervals (short = 400 ns or long = 800 ns). Indeed, the shorter guard interval evidently results in intersymbol interference (ISI) and intercarrier interference (ICI), but the gain offered by shortened guard interval may exceed the loss caused by interference. In this paper, we propose a novel but simple solution for the guard interval adaptation joint with an adaptive modulation‐coding scheme to optimize the throughput performance of a wireless local area network (WLAN) system. This paper aims to analyze the effect of joint adaptive modulation‐coding and the guard interval (JAMCGI) algorithm on the WLAN system under bit‐error‐rate (BER) constraints. Simulation results and their analysis show a significant increase in the throughput performance of the WLAN system with our proposed algorithm.     

Energy and electromagnetic pollution considerations in ARoF-based multi-operator multi-service systems

Energy-efficient system design with controlled levels of electromagnetic pollution, without compromising on the user quality of experience and operator revenue, are essential considerations in the design of next-generation wireless communication networks. Integration of multiple services and multiple operator transmissions onto a common shared infrastructure is the solution forward to satisfy the contradictory subscriber and operator requirements and also to derive a future-proof fronthaul to support new techniques like opportunistic, co-operative and cognitive communications. This paper reports the link budget analysis, energy efficiency estimation and electromagnetic radiation calculation for a Multi-Operator Multi-Service Analog Radio over Fiber fronthaul for a small cell configuration. The BER analysis and the link budget analysis are presented for the central base station to remote antenna unit (RAU) link as well as the RAU to user equipment link. The estimated minimum transmission power sufficient to establish and maintain a quality connection suggests the possibility of eliminating the energy consuming power amplifiers in the transceivers and also achieve a reduced electromagnetic pollution in the environment.     

Reformulation of FCC gasoline

FCC gasoline obtained from an Indian refinery was analyzed for its quality improvement through catalytic processes. The analysis indicated the presence of high amount of sulfur, olefin and iso-paraffins in the feed that are not suitable for processing through the hydro treatment or hydro-isomerization. Detailed studies indicated that majority of iso-paraffinic and olefinic compounds in the feed boil below 60 °C. The entire range of gasoline is fractionated into light fraction (IBP-60 °C) and heavy fraction (60 °C-FBP). Heavy hydrocarbon fraction exhibited more aromatics and sulfur with comparatively low olefins and iso-paraffins. HDS followed by hydro-isomerization of the heavier fraction resulted in the formation of C₆-C₉ iso-paraffins through the saturation of olefins and aromatics. Overall, the processed FCC gasoline exhibited more iso-paraffins with low olefins, low aromatics and sulfur, without any loss in octane number.     

Influence of hydraulic shock loads and TDS on the performance of large-scale CETPs treating textile effluents in India

The present study relates to the influence of hydraulic shock loads and total dissolved solids (TDS) on the performance of three large-scale common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) treating textile effluents, which is generated from clusters of small-scale industries in the state of Rajasthan in India. Of the three CETPs, two having capacities 7.0 and 9.0 million liters per day (mld) are located in Pali and one of capacity 6.0 mld in Balotra, District Barmer. Wastewater from about one thousand small-scale industries is treated in these CETPs. The effects of hydraulic shock loads and TDS on effluent data from secondary clarifier for parameters biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids (SS) for CETPs at Pali, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) and SS for the CETP at Balotra were studied. It was observed that the effluent BOD and SS remained within the prescribed limits for CETP Pali at 30% increased flow rate, whereas effluent COD and SS at 30% increased flow rate for CETP Balotra exceeded the prescribed limits and the CETP could sustain 20% increased flow rate. The shock loading analysis revealed that CETP Balotra had reduced capacity to sustain shock loads by 10% as compared to CETP Pali due to the presence of high TDS (15,000-20,000 mg/l). High TDS interfered with the oxygen transfer necessary for biological metabolism, thereby affected the efficiency of activated sludge process. Hence, activated sludge process treating high TDS effluents are more sensitive to hydraulic shock loads and prone to process upsets.     

OPBS-SSHC: outline preservation based segmentation and search based hybrid classification techniques for liver tumor detection

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Cancer in Liver is the one among all other types of cancer which causes death of carcinogenic victim people throughout the world. GLOBOCAN12 was an initiative...     

Pd-Doped Tin-Oxide-Based Thick-Film Sensor Array for Detection of H2, CH4, and CO

In the present work, a palladium (Pd)-doped tin oxide (SnO₂) thick-film sensor array has been developed by using solid state reaction-derived pure SnO₂ powders (starting with two initial tin precursors: SnCl₂·2H₂O and SnCl₄·5H₂O). The crystal structure of the powders and the morphology of the thick films have been characterized by using x-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Initially, the sensitivity of all the sensors of the array was studied for hydrogen (H₂), methane (CH₄), and carbon monoxide gas, followed by detailed analysis of the transient response of a 1 wt.% Pd-doped SnO₂ sensor prepared by using SnCl₄·5H₂O as a starting tin precursor, as it possessed better sensitivity for all the test gases. It is found that this sensor exhibits fast response and recovery times (1 min and 3.05 min) along with good repeatability for test gases; however, for CH₄ gas, it shows very much longer response and recovery times. The high response towards H₂ gas has been correlated well with the smallest crystallite size (18 nm) as well as the porous structure of the thick-film surface.